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David J. Goldberg, MD

Cosmetic and Medical Dermatology

What causes melasma and how can I prevent it?

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Melasma is a female skin condition characterized by excess pigmentation on areas like the upper lip, cheeks, and forehead. It is linked to estrogen, exacerbated by sun exposure, and more common in darker skin tones. This condition can be challenging to treat, and certain methods, such as intense pulsed light, may worsen it. Effective treatment involves a multi-faceted approach. Pigment-specific lasers, such as picosecond or nanosecond lasers, are used to reduce pigmentation. Additionally, inflammation suppression is crucial, often achieved with a red low-level light device. Topical lightening agents, particularly those containing cysteamine like Suspara, are also applied. Combining these modalities consistently over time can lead to significant improvements in melasma.

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Estrogen: A hormone related to melasma development.

Intense Pulse Lights: Light treatment that can worsen melasma.

Suppress Inflammation: Reducing swelling or irritation in the skin.

Cysteamine: A topical ingredient used to lighten skin.