Understanding Irregular Periods and Ovulation
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When a person experiences irregular periods, doctors first check if pregnancy is the cause, as it is the most common reason for periods stopping. If pregnancy is ruled out, they then check for problems with the thyroid gland and a hormone called prolactin. If these tests are normal, they consider polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is usually linked with symptoms like excess hair growth, acne, elevated testosterone, and a specific appearance on ovarian ultrasound. Another possible cause is hypothalamic amenorrhea, often found in women who exercise excessively, have eating disorders, are under high stress, or have significant weight changes. A comprehensive evaluation helps find the underlying cause and guide treatment options.
irregular ovulation: When the ovaries do not release eggs on a regular schedule, leading to unpredictable menstrual cycles.
secondary amenorrhea: The absence of menstrual periods in someone who previously had regular periods.
thyroid function: Refers to how well the thyroid gland is working. The thyroid helps regulate many body processes, including the menstrual cycle.
prolactin: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that can affect menstrual periods if levels are abnormal.
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): A common hormonal disorder causing irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, and multiple small cysts on the ovaries.
androgenic symptoms: Symptoms caused by higher levels of male hormones, such as excess hair growth and acne.
hypothalamic amenorrhea: A condition where period stops due to stress, significant weight loss, excessive exercise, or eating disorders that affect the brain's regulation of hormones.