Male factor infertility can be isolated or coexist with female factors, with treatment varying based on its severity and type. Obstructive issues, such as those following a vasectomy, can be addressed through IVF or surgical reconnection. More commonly, infertility stems from sperm production problems. Diagnosis involves a semen analysis, assessing sperm concentration, morphology, and motility. The primary goal is to identify and treat any underlying causes. If direct treatment is not possible or effective, common options include intrauterine insemination (IUI) for sufficient sperm counts, or in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) where sperm is directly injected into eggs. In cases where no sperm is present or treatable, donor sperm is an alternative.